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一名中国留学生初到美国,在机场找厕所,问老外:「Where is W.C.?」老外听不懂。一名中国太太到医院生产,洋护士问她:「Did you have a bowel movement?」她却听不懂。还有人学了几十年的英语,还不晓得英语里的「大便」、「小便」、「放屁」真正应该怎么说…… % q9 C- H$ W, I; d6 r; K3 j
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至于性毛病,更是老中难于启齿、欲语还羞的尴尬。见到洋医生,窘迫万分,不知如何开口才是,真有「犹抱琵琶半遮面」的感受。 , t& j, ?% o# e
4 d& O/ x, [: H9 V9 I8 x4 t以下为一些「禁忌」(taboo)的美语之整理。毕竟这些都是咱们日常生活的一部分,说不定有一天这些「禁忌」之语还能「派上用场」呢!
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5 u6 f) M/ k& H% P 厕所 3 o9 l: v- j4 W) l
在美国一般都叫rest room或bath room(男女厕均可)或分别叫做 men‘s room 或 ladies‘ room(=powder room),不过在飞机上,则叫 lavatory,在军中又叫 latrine。至于 W.C.(water closet)仍是过去英国人用的,在美国,几乎没有人使用。 # |- h7 C/ F9 { s7 K
1 y% g3 A+ O }6 K 解小便 1 x! B+ ^- `! }3 s k
最普通的说法是 to urinate(名词是 urination),如果去看病,护士为了化验小便,就会给你一个杯子说:「Will (could) you urinate in this cup?」医生或许也会问:「Do you have trouble urinating?」=Do you have difficulty voiding?(小便有困难吗?)
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此外,还有其他的说法:to piss = to take a piss = to take a leak = to void = to empty。 例如:
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& {0 h, b& J% v0 D, @! f * I need to piss = I have to take a leak.
/ u- M' ~! ?- x * How often do you get up at night to void?(晚上起床小便几次?)
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# R# J4 P5 I& z1 n" B 此外,john(j 小写时,不是男人名字)是 bath room 或 toilet 的意思(也叫 outhouse),这通常是指在户外工作场地所使用的临时或流动性厕所(有时前面也加 portable 一字)。不过也有老外把家里的厕所叫做 john。 例如: + R# }: z( `0 j n7 d8 K
- o7 o* |- Q' k+ d+ ^ * There are several (portable) johns in the construction site.(在建筑场地有几个临时厕所。)
) _+ @% n4 M3 B3 u1 @2 l * He went to the john a few minutes ago.(他在几分钟前上了厕所。) 8 |( `/ A' V+ h) e- M+ ]/ g
* The manual labours have to use (portable) johns during their working hours.(劳动者在工作时间内需要使用流动性厕所。)
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不过,小孩多半用 to pee 。例如:
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/ X6 j1 E2 e: Z" K9 W) O3 f * The boy needs to pee.
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5 G, A/ {3 a f; f' n 然而,「小便检查」又叫做 urine test,因为这里的 urine 是化验的样品(specimen)。 例如: 4 o: { I1 I9 d0 ~. e
. j* s: K4 A# I- s9 d/ u* Do I need a urine test?
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1 B; ^6 f& d# c' o8 h' R9 F6 @4 q- s 注意:to piss off 是片语,又是指对人生气或对事物的不满。不过这是不礼貌的片语,少用为妙。 例如:
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" k3 C5 O5 Y6 V% D# X * He pissed me off. = He made me angry. . F0 a3 G7 ~5 ~$ ~0 j; |9 k
* He always pisses off (at) the society.(对社会不满) $ B& p b; ?- }
9 E6 S7 e# \4 q& I 如果「小便」有毛病,也可以告诉医生说: 8 Y$ Z* N( T2 E8 t' ?
* My urine is cloudy and it smells strong.(有浊尿,味道很重)
; g6 d0 _% V- N * I have pus (或air)in urine.(尿有泡沫) (pus = cloudy; air = bubble) % b2 p' O' [: Y3 i. e
* I dribble a little urine after I have finished urinating.(小便后还会滴滴答答。)(即失禁毛病)
- V2 Z" }2 Q! G+ T * I am passing less urine than usual.(小便的量比平时少) ) i1 z. S' W' f4 d) ~
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解大便 ( |9 E) m4 d' H$ z* f
一般是用 to make(或 have)a bowel movement 或 to take a shit。如果看病,医生常问:「Do you have regular bowel movement?」(大便正常吗?)(说得斯文些,就是「大肠在转动」)
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此外,还有其他的说法: to defecate =to discharge excrement(或 feces)=to take feces (或 faeces)。 例如:
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* The patient needs to take a shit. (=to make a bowel movement)
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. _4 Z; q+ Z* I. u 不过,小孩多半是用 to make a poo poo 或 to make a BM. 。 例如: - P6 a5 c0 r( N+ V, Y: {
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* The boy had a stinky BM.(大便奇臭。) / k6 u g2 i0 `& c: }/ I
# B0 C) y/ q) ?. Y; U+ `, { 但是「大便检查」倒叫做 stool exam,因为 stool 也是一种化验的样品。 例如:
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* The doctor has to exam his stool.(医生要检查他的大便。)
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放屁 8 c# \/ W4 J( X, |( j A# F; v' x; Z
在美语里最常用的是 to expel gas 或 to fart 或 to make (或 pass)gas。 例如: # s/ R Z7 F2 T0 n- S! m7 A
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* 医生有时问:「How often do you expel(或 make 或 pass)gas?」(你放屁的次数很多吗?)
) }7 W) z: N6 Q# W- t) x * Is the gas expelled by belching?(是否打嗝后就会放屁呢?)(动词是 belch)
9 {3 g) E2 V; ?- t4 K3 F2 r * He said the more he ate, the more he farted.(吃的愈多,放屁也愈多。)
( u4 i, X1 h* g6 J ~' t# {; } * He has passed more gas than usual within the last two days.(过去两天中,他放屁比平常多。) . R/ k5 s0 v4 z* @' y9 ~: F' Z
* Be careful not to fart in the public.(注意在公共场所不可放屁。)
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至于消化不良,大便不通或拉肚子,也有不同的说法。 例如: " T O9 O( L/ ]* e4 V) e- q
0 i3 r/ d# i! H * I have an upset stomach.(消化不良) = I have heartburn. = I have indigestion. 7 L" R x+ g- J4 M& g2 `+ ?+ `8 Y
% { Y# y% h' K: z+ Q0 q" f3 v1 U (注意:Heartburn 是指胃不舒服,不是「心痛」(heartache)
\7 F% }* V2 K% q+ j * Something has upset my stomach for two weeks.(胃不舒服有两星期了。)
8 O8 ]# b C' O) u. E& a1 E * He has(persistent)constipation.(或 irregularity)(他经常便秘。) 或
. M; [6 C( ^, t * He has been unusually constipated.(便秘很反常。)或
& Z, Z1 c! R. N5 `8 E * He is having problem with irregularity.(或 constipation); 或 8 l1 P8 h, e6 s' y
* He has no bowel movement for the past few days.
2 E. x7 M5 d% P+ v0 ?: I7 A# _1 c6 g * He has bouts of diarrhea.=He is having trouble with diarrhea.(他拉了一阵肚子。)
( o- Y) p, ], @! L+ z7 @9 O; H5 Z$ p * He can see trace of blood and pus or mucus in his stool(或 bowel movement)(大便时可看到血丝和粘膜。) |
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